《民法典》视域下档案服务外包的法解释——以《档案法实施条例》第28条和第51条为中心

摘要

《档案法实施条例》第28条要求档案服务企业应“具有企业法人资格”，或可被解释为“合法成立、有一定的组织机构和财产，具有从事档案服务外包经营活动资格”。只要其能够确保档案安全和服务质量，即应允许其接受档案服务外包的委托。同时，为了确保合同履行的效果，委托方在根据《档案法实施条例》第28条的规定而对受托方的服务进行全程指导时，可从《民法典》针对承揽合同所确立的权利义务框架出发，将其具化为明确的“要求”，而非模棱两可的“指导”意见。此外，在档案服务企业明知存在档案安全隐患而不采取措施时，宜尊重档案服务委托协议的民事属性，优先采取合同控制的路径，仅将《档案法实施条例》第51条第1款所规定的行政介入措施作为辅助。

关键词：民法典档案服务外包档案服务企业全程指导责令限期改正

Abstract

The requirement in Article 28 of Regulation on the Implementation of Archives Law, that archive service provider should be the enterprise that has legal person status, may be interpreted as "legally established, with a certain governance structure and assets, and they are qualified to engage in archives service outsourcing". As long as it can ensure the security of archives and service quality, it should be allowed to be the service provider of archives service outsourcing. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the performance of the contract, when the client, in accordance with the provisions of Article 28 of Regulation on the Implementation of Archives Law, provides whole-process guidance to archival service enterprises, the guidance should be expressed as a clear "requirement" rather than an ambiguous "guidance" based on the right-obligation framework established in Civil Code for the work contract. Besides that, where an archival service enterprise knows that there are potential security hazards to archives, and fails to take measures during providing archives service, the civil nature of archives service agreement should be respected, and the path of contract control should be given priority. The administrative intervention measures stipulated in Article 51 (1) of Regulation on the Implementation of Archives Law should be considered as auxiliary measures.

Key words: Civil Code; archive service outsourcing; archive service enterprise; whole-process guidance; order to rectify within a prescribed time limit

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