伪造、篡改档案入罪化的立法论反思及其类型化规制

摘要

增设“伪造、篡改档案罪”的观点，脱离了《档案法》的立法目的，忽略了档案法益与刑法法益的位阶关系，不利于实现刑法对档案安全精准而有效的保护。对该类行为的刑法规制，应从立法论视角转向解释论视角，通过对法益的类型化区分与对行为违法性的实质把握，实现司法的类型化规制。具体而言，通过实质解释侵犯公民个人信息罪，实现对事后出售或提供个人档案信息行为的堵截性规制；通过综合运用“伪造、变造国家机关公文证件罪”“使用虚假身份证件罪”“冒名顶替罪”，实现刑法对侵犯社会法益行为的附随性规制；通过从严界定认罪认罚标准与严格限制适用缓刑，实现刑法对侵犯国家法益行为的预防性规制。

关键词：伪造档案篡改档案保护法益类型化规制

Abstract

The idea of adding the crime of "forging and tampering with archives" deviates from the legislative purpose of the Archives Law, ignores the hierarchical relationship between the interests of archives and the interests of criminal law, and is not conducive to the accurate and effective protection of archives by criminal law. The criminal law regulation of such acts should shift from the perspective of legislation to the perspective of interpretation, and realize the typological regulation of judicial acts through the typological distinction of legal interests and the substantive grasp of the illegality of acts. Specifically, through the substantive interpretation of the crime of infringing citizens' personal information, the blocking regulation of the subsequent sale or provision of personal archive information can be realized; through the comprehensive use of the "crime of forging and altering official documents of state organs", "the crime of using false identity documents" and "the crime of impersonation", the incidental regulation of the criminal law on the acts that infringe on social interests can be realized; through the strict definition of the standards for pleading guilty and accepting punishment and strict restrictions on the application of probation, the preventive regulation of the criminal law on the acts that infringe on the state's legal interests can be realized.

Key words: forging archives; tampering with archives; protecting legal interests; typological regulation

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