档案法规标准2026年第40卷第3期《档案学研究》
档案开放审核免责机制：逻辑证成、制度困境与构建路径
Exemption Mechanism for Open Review of Archives: Logical Proof, Institutional Dilemma and Construction Path
1 重庆行政学院法学教研部 重庆 400041 2 重庆市青年研究会 重庆 400010 3 海南政法职业学院法务技术系 海口 571100
摘要
作为一项兼具激励性和保护性的责任机制，免责机制在档案开放审核领域的引入与构建具有深刻的内在逻辑。人的有限理性与档案开放风险的不确定性是构建档案开放审核免责机制的逻辑起点，规避档案开放审核中的“寒蝉效应”是其现实需要，克服档案开放审核失职“只问责而无免责”缺陷是其制度趣旨。免责机制与其他责任机制的关系定位不清，免责规范依据暂付阙如，免责对象、情形和标准模糊是构建档案开放审核免责机制面临的主要困境。为此，亟须厘清免责机制与其他责任机制的内在关联，采取“地方立法，先行先试”或“政策先行，立法跟进”方式创设免责法律条款，明确免责的对象、情形和标准，推动免责机制在档案开放审核领域的新立与善用。
关键词：档案开放审核免责机制内在逻辑构建路径
Abstract
As a responsibility mechanism that combines incentives and protections, the introduction and construction of the exemption mechanism in the field of archives open review have profound internal logic. The bounded rationality of human beings and the uncertainty of archives open risks are the logical starting point for constructing an exemption mechanism for archives open review. Avoiding the "chilling effect" in archives open review is its practical need, and overcoming the defect of "accountability without exoneration" in archives open review dereliction of duty is its institutional purpose. The unclear positioning of the relationship between the exemption mechanism and other responsibility mechanisms, the lack of a temporary basis for exemption norms, and the ambiguity of exemption objects, situations, and standards are the main challenges faced in building an open review exemption mechanism for archives. It is urgent to clarify the inherent relationship between the exemption mechanism and other responsibility mechanisms and adopt the "local legislation first trial" or "policy first legislation follow-up" approach to create legal provisions for exemption, clarify the objects, situations, and standards of exemption, and promote the new establishment and effective use of exemption mechanisms in the field of archives open review.
Key words: archives open review; exemption mechanism; internal logic; build path
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