档案史料研究2025年第39卷第5期《档案学研究》
晚明章奏贴黄制度新考
A New Study of the Tiehuang System in the Late Ming Dynasty
复旦大学历史学系 上海 200433
摘要
明代章奏贴黄制度始于嘉靖六年胡世宁比附宋代“贴黄”所提出的“御览略节”,后续经过高拱等朝臣不断引申,最终于崇祯元年由李国援引胡、高等人旧说而正式确立。贴黄制通过摘录题奏要旨附于章末,有效提升本章的审阅与处理 效率,是晚明应对章奏冗繁、重建中枢理政方式的重要举措之一。在充分利用内阁大库档案中贴黄稿遗存的基础上,本文还考察了贴黄的纂稿、体式与审阅机制,进而揭示贴黄制的运作及其向督抚会本体系的延伸与演变过程。贴黄制度为清代奏事制度提供了直接的制度资源与技术经验,它与题奏文书互相补充,提高了明清中枢的决策效率,是中国古代公文制度的一大创革。
关键词:贴黄文书制度题奏会本晚明
Abstract
The tiehuang system in the Ming dynasty originated in the sixth year of the Jiajing reign when Hu Shining, drawing on Song precedents, proposed the idea of "yulan luejie". Expanded by officials such as Gao Gong, the system was formally established by Li Guopu in the first year of Chongzhen. By appending summaries to memorials, it significantly improved the efficiency of review and decision-making, offering a practical response to bureaucratic overload in the late Ming central government. Drawing on archival materials from the Grand Secretariat, this study examines the drafting, formatting, and review mechanisms of tiehuang, and traces its development into the "huiben" system used by regional governors. The system not only enhanced coordination between memorials and central responses but also laid institutional and technical foundations for Qing memorial practices. As a documentary innovation, tiehuang played a key role in improving administrative efficiency and reflects the evolution of imperial Chinese governance.
Key words: tiehuang; documentary system; memorials; huiben; late Ming dynasty
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