档案法规标准2025年第39卷第6期《档案学研究》
法秩序统一性视野下档案犯罪的行刑实质衔接
The Substantive Connection Between Administrative Law and Criminal Law of Archival Crimes from the Perspective of the Unity of Legal Order
东南大学法学院 南京 211189
摘要
现有档案犯罪行刑衔接思路存在法益内容、对象概念与档案前置法脱节，以及罪名体系定位、规制范围缺乏独立刑事判断的实质衔接不足问题。法秩序统一性下，档案罪名保护的法益及档案概念应由档案法确立，档案罪名的体系定位与规制范围由刑法独立判断：档案蕴含着凭证、参考、情感的实质价值，档案罪名保护的法益为档案安全，而非秩序、制度等形式法益；基于刑法罪名体系优化的考量，应在“妨害社会管理秩序罪”中单独增设“妨害档案管理罪”专节；档案概念区别于财物、具体信息内容、文物，档案犯罪对象可以涵盖部分非国有档案与复制件；《档案法》规定的违法行为均可通过“情节严重”的罪量要素入罪化，具体可将档案犯罪归为四类，并修改或增设相应罪名。
关键词：档案犯罪行刑衔接法秩序统一
Abstract
The current thinking on the connection between administrative law and criminal law in the field of archival crimes has problems such as a disconnection between the content of the protected interests and the concept of the objects from the pre-existing archival laws, and a lack of substantive connection in the independent criminal judgment of the system positioning and regulatory scope of the crime names. Under the unity of the legal order, the protected interests and the concept of archives in archival crime names should be established by the Archives Law, while the system positioning and regulatory scope of archival crime names should be independently judged by the Criminal Law. Archives contain substantive values such as evidence, reference, and emotion. The protected interests of archival crime names are the safety of archives, rather than formal interests such as order and system. Considering the optimization of the criminal law crime name system, a special section of "Obstructing Archives Management" should be separately added under the crime of "Disrupting Social Management Order". The concept of archives is different from property, specific information content, and cultural relics. The objects of archival crimes can cover some non-state-owned archives and copies. All illegal acts stipulated in the Archives Law can be criminalized through the "serious circumstances" quantitative element. Specifically, archival crimes can be classified into four categories, and corresponding crime names should be modified or added.
Key words: archival crime; administrative-criminal law convergence; unity of legal order
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