档案法规标准2025年第39卷第5期《档案学研究》
“十四五”时期我国档案立法建设回顾及“十五五”展望
A Review of China's Archival Legislation Construction During the 14th Five-Year Plan Period and Prospects for the 15th Five-Year Plan
上海师范大学人文学院信息管理系 上海 200234
摘要
“十四五”时期，我国档案立法建设在《档案法》及《“十四五”全国档案事业发展规划》指导下取得显著进展。行政法规以《档案法实施条例》为核心，细化上位法规定；部门规章聚焦专门问题，强调统一规范与信息化；地方性法规结合 区域实际，强化红色档案保护、数据共享等特色内容。具体研究领域，公法方向注重《档案法》与《刑法》衔接、行政处罚机制优化；私法方向积极探索档案权益确权与救济，明确民事责任适用路径。然而，档案立法建设也存在档案数据要素市场化配置法律缺失、《档案法》与《刑法》提示照应功能不足、精神损害赔偿适用有待细化等问题。本文回顾 “十四五”档案立法建设成果，展望“十五五”发展前景，认为需要系统推进档案数据要素立法，通过解释论完善刑事治理，细化人事档案遗失纠纷中的精神损害赔偿规则，推动档案法治与治理能力现代化。
关键词：十四五档案立法档案法治建设十五五
Abstract
During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China's archival legislation construction achieved significant progress under the guidance of the Archives Law and the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Archival Development. Administrative regulations, centered on the Archives Law Implementation Regulations, refined provisions of superior laws. Departmental rules focused on specialized issues, emphasizing unified norms and informatization. Local regulations incorporated regional realities, highlighting features such as the protection of red archives and data sharing. In specific research areas, public law studies prioritized the coordination between the Archives Law and the Criminal Law and the optimization of administrative penalty mechanisms, while private law research explored the confirmation and relief of archival rights, clarifying pathways for civil liability application. However, challenges remain, including the absence of market-oriented legislation for archival data elements, insufficient indication and response functions between the Archives Law and the Criminal Law, and ambiguous standards for mental distress compensation. This paper reviews the achievements of archival legislation during the 14th Five-Year Plan period and looks forward to the prospects for the 15th Five-Year Plan, proposing systematic advancement in legislation for archival data elements, improved criminal governance through interpretative approaches, refined rules for mental distress compensation in personnel archive loss disputes, and the modernization of archival legal frameworks and governance capabilities.
Key words: the 14th Five-Year Plan; archival legislation; legal construction of archives; the 15th Five-Year Plan
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