档案史料研究2024年第38卷第3期《档案学研究》
清代公文汇编中的分类研究
A Study of Classification in the Compilation of Official Documents in the Qing Dynasty
南京师范大学文学院 南京 210000
摘要
清代公文汇编产生的公文集类文献,为文集视角下的公文分类实践及其分类观念研究提供了重要契机。清人的公文分类呈现出“归类趋简”和“析体趋繁”并存不悖的演进态势,不仅在归类实践中通过对“公牍”类目的“打捞”,弥补了文章总集在文学质素本位下对公牍文的有意过滤,强化了公文事功属性的本体认知,还结合清代公文体系的时代新变,创造出近十种单体公文内部的分类标准,体现出析体活动的精细化程度。清人的公文分类具有分类标准的多元化、层次架构的多级化、时代质素的多样化等多方面特征,彰显出时人公文观念的自觉和成熟。
Abstract
Official document collections generated during the Qing Dynasty provided an opportunity for the study of official documents classification from the perspective of literary collections. The classification of official documents showed an evolving trend of "merging and simplifying" and "subdividing and complicating". Not only did the reset of the "official documents" category in classification practice make up for the intentional filtering of official documents in the general collection of articles under the literary quality standard, and strengthened the ontology recognition of the functional attributes of official documents, but also combined with the new changes in the official document system, and created nearly ten internal classification standards for individual official documents, reflecting the refinement level of classification activities. The classification of official documents has various characteristics, demonstrating the consciousness and maturity of the concept of official documents in the Qing Dynasty.
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