纸质档案霉斑的复苏鉴定、着生状态模拟与去除效果观察

摘要

低温冷冻是档案馆为防范有害生物危害对进馆档案采用的一种常见处理措施。本文对一份经过低温冷冻处理的档案上的黑色疑似霉斑进行采样，结合形态学观察、ITS、18S测序结果对样品进行鉴定，发现其仍存在可以培养成活的霉菌，且从生长特性以及代谢产物来看，这些霉菌均为会对档案载体产生危害的菌种，亟待采取有效防治措施。在修复过程中对霉斑进行酒精擦除是一种常用方法。本文首先通过在高湿环境下纸张生霉的模拟实验，观察霉菌在纸质载体表面着生的状态、霉斑的形成过程，其次采用75%酒精擦除，观察霉菌菌丝在纸张纤维内的残留，并根据实验结果结合一家档案馆连续三年的温湿度趋势分析，对档案馆检查和修复生霉档案提出建议。

关键词：纸质档案霉斑形成去除

Abstract

Deep freezing is a common treatment measure adopted by archives to prevent biological hazards. In this paper, the black suspected mildew spots on an archive that has been frozen at low temperature were sampled, and the samples were identified by morphological observation, ITS and 18S. It was found that there were still mildew that could be cultured. From the perspective of growth characteristics and metabolites, these molds are harmful to the archive carrier, and effective control measures should be taken urgently. Alcohol erasure of mildew is a common method in the repair process. We observed the state of mildew on the surface of paper carrier and the formation process of mildew through the simulation experiment of paper mildew under high humidity environment, and then used 75% alcohol erasure to observe the residue of mildew mycelia in the paper fiber. Based on the experimental results and the analysis of the temperature and humidity trend in an archives for three consecutive years, some suggestions were put forward for the inspection and restoration of moldy archives.

Key words: paper archives; mildew spot; formation; removal

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